Mielografia é uma técnica radiográfica na qual se administra meio de contraste no espaço subaracnóideo para avaliar a medula espinhal. Múltiplas projeções radiográficas fornecem uma exploração circunferencial da medula, auxiliando na localização mais precisa de compressões nesta região. Objetivou-se demonstrar a contribuição das projeções oblíquas, pouco exploradas em exames de mielografia, para a localização de lesões medulares extradurais em cães e gatos causadas por processo degenerativo do disco intervertebral. Foram avaliadas 116 mielografias e observou-se que em 36,2% dos casos as projeções oblíquas foram imprescindíveis para a localização exata das lesões. A associação entre as projeções ventrodorsal e oblíquas se mostraram mais úteis para a localização da lesão do que quando avaliadas isoladamente e as projeções oblíquas esquerda e direita foram igualmente importantes.

Myelography is a radiographic technique in which is administered contrast in the subarachnoid space to assess the spinal cord. Multiple radiographic projections provide a circumferential view of the spinal cord, aiding in more precise localization of compression in this region. This paper aimed to demonstrate the contribution of oblique projections, little explored in myelography, for the location of extradural spinal cord injuries in dogs and cats caused by degeneration of the intervertebral disc. It was evaluated 116 myelography and it was observed that in 36.2% of cases, oblique views were essential to the exact localization of lesions. The association between the oblique and ventrodorsal projections was more effective to find the lesion´s lateralization than when taken separately, and the left and right oblique view was equally important.

Os feocromocitomas são tumores das células da região medular adrenal, considerados raros, cujo diagnóstico geralmente é feito post mortem. Estes promovem taquicardia, hipertensão e outras manifestações clínicas atribuídas ao aumento da quantidade de catecolaminas circulantes. Este trabalho relata o caso de um cão, SRD), fêmea de 15 anos de idade, atendido no Hospital Veterinário da UniABC, cuja queixa principal era prurido intenso e compulsivo, insônia e perda de peso considerável (12 Kg em menos de 3 meses). Ao exame clínico observouse midriase bilateral, ulcerações cutâneas com exposição de musculatura torácica bilateral. A ultrasonografia revelou a presença de duas formações sólidas ovaladas, de contornos definidos, localizadas próximo a grandes vasos e margem cranial de rim esquerdo, aspecto hipoecogênico heterogêneo com áreas anecogênicas em seu interior, compatível com formação neoplásica em adrenal e provável metástase em linfonodo regional. O eletrocardiograma apresentou onda "t' alternante compatível com aumento das catecolaminas circulantes. Foram removidas duas massas globosas de 2 e 4 cm de diâmetro, que se encontravam localizadas cranialmente ao rim esquerdo, sobre as artérias renal e aorta. Macroscopicamente visualizouse regiões circunscritas de coloração marrom. A pressão arterial média durante a cirurgia foi de 150 mmHg e no momento da laparorrafia caiu para 60 mmHg. Durante a primeira semana pós cirúrgica a proprietária relatou que o cão passou a dormir, ficou mais tranquila e o prurido diminuiu. O diagnóstico de feocromocitoma foi definido com os exames complementares e concluído após a remoção cirúrgica e exame histopatológico.

Pheochromocytomas are uncommum tumors arising from the medular adrenal gland, which diagnosis is generally made at the necropsy. These tumors promote cardiac arrhythmias (increase), systemic hypertension and other clinical alterations that are attributed to the increase of the amount of catecholamines released by the tumor cells. This is a case of a fifteen years old female mongrel dog, brought to the Veterinary Hospital at UniABC, whose main complaint was intense itch, sleeplessness and considerable weight loss (12 kg in less than 3 months). The clinical examination showed bilateral mydriasis and deep cutaneous ulcer with muscle exposition, bilaterally in the toracic wall. Abdominal ultrasonography presented two oval solid formations, well-circunscribed, located next to the great vessels and at the cranial edge to left kidney, heterogeneous hipoecogenic aspect, with circumscribed inner anecogenic areas compatible with neoplasic formation in the left adrenal gland with metastases in the regional lumph node. The eletrocardiogram presented alternating wave "t" compatible with increase of cathecolamines. Two global masses of 2 and 4 cm diameter were removed, which was located cranialy to the left kidney, on the great vessels. Grossly, there were small circumscribed brown regions. The average arterial pressure during the surgery was of 150 mmHg and it fell down to 60mmHg during laparorraphy. During the first week after the surgery the dog started to sleep, was more calm and the itch almost disapeared. The diagnosis of pheochromocytoma was established with complementary examinations and concluded after the surgical removal and histopathologic examination.

In this paper we show that programming languages can be translated into recurrent (analog, rational weighted) neural nets. Implementation of programming languages in neural nets turns to be not only theoretical exciting, but has also some practical implications in the recent efforts to merge symbolic and sub symbolic computation. To be of some use, it should be carried in a context of bounded resources. Herein, we show how to use resource bounds to speed up computations over neural nets, through suitable data type coding like in the usual programming languages. We introduce data types and show how to code and keep them inside the information flow of neural nets. Data types and control structures are part of a suitable programming language called NETDEF. Each NETDEF program has a specific neural net that computes it. These nets have a strong modular structure and a synchronization mechanism allowing sequential or parallel execution of subnets, despite the massive parallel feature of neural nets. Each instruction denotes an independent neural net. There are constructors for assignment, conditional and loop instructions. Besides the language core, many other features are possible using the same method.